Qhov Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Kev Kho Tus Kheej
Tooj liab sawv ntsug yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntau yam ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub (muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas ua rau nws cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob, thiab cov pob hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob sib pauv. Tshaj dhau kev ua haujlwm, nws sov, reddish Hue qiv cov khoom siv vaj tse qub, thiab cov tsim duab liab qab, los ntawm kev pleev xim rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txawm li cas los xij, Tooj liab lub xam xaj rov tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj pa, noo noo, thiab cov kuab paug, ua rau tsim ntawm ib txheej tarnish. Txheej no, feem ntau tsim ntawm tooj liab oxide (teo) thiabtooj liabCarbonate (Oh) ₂), tsis tsuas yog dulls tus qauv tshuaj aesthetic tab sis kuj cuam tshuam nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, hauv cov hluav taws xob Cheebtsam, Tarnish nce hluav taws xob tsis kam, txo kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov. Hauv cov chaw muaj kev muaj xws li nroj tsuag fais fab, tarnished tooj liab kav dej tuaj yeem tabkaum kev hloov cua sov, ua rau lub zog pov tseg thiab khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev cob qha tooj liab tu yog vim li no tsis yog ib qho kev ua kom zoo nkauj tab sis kev saib xyuas tooj liab, txuas ntxiv nws lifespan, thiab tiv thaiv kev nqis peev. Ntawm lub plawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no dag covTus neeg saib xyuas tu- Txoj kev daws tshwj xeeb tsim los ua cov kuab paug, thiab tshem cov tooj liab lub zog yam tsis muaj kev ua kom cov hlau ua kom puas tsuaj. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj ntxuav tsev neeg (uas feem ntau yog qhov mob me me rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav los yog kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam, kev kos duab ntawm kev lag luam, kos duab kos duab, thiab tooj liab. Cov ntawv sau no tshawb txog cov kev piav qhia tag nrho ntawm kev ua neeg tooj liab tu, nrog tsom mus rau hom ntawmTus neeg saib xyuas tu, yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj cai ib qho rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, kauj ruam {}}}}}}
To kev nkag siab cop cophia thiab oxidation: lub hauv paus rau xaiv tooj liab tu tus neeg sawv cev
Ua ntej xaiv aTus neeg saib xyuas tu, cov tub txawg yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov kuab paug uas cuam tshuam rau tus copper nto thiab kev tshawb fawb qab tooj liab oxidation. Qhov kev paub no kom ntseeg tau tias cov xaivtus sawv cevtargets the root cause of the problem, rather than just masking it, leading to more effective and long-lasting results.
Hom hom tooj liab
Tooj liab cov khoom lag luam tau tshwm sim ntau yam tsis huv thoob lawv lub neej, los ntawm kev tsim khoom rau kev siv txhua hnub thiab khaws cia. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem faib rau hauv peb hom tseem ceeb, txhua qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nyias muaj nyias qhov:
DIRT DIRT: Qhov no yog qhov pom tau pom yooj yim thiab yooj yim dua thiab tshem tau yooj yim, muaj cov xoob xoob thiab cov organic seem. Ib puag ncig plua plav, ntxiv rau ntawm cov copper nthuav dav xws li duab kos duab thiab sab nraum zoov, txheej ua tus hlau nplaum nyias, Roj thiab roj yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av av, feem ntau yog lubricating los ntawm cov txheej txheem raj hauv kev txiav, thiab los ntawm cov ntiv tes tooj, uas muaj cov tawv nqaij, cov roj ntuj tsim los ntawm daim tawv nqaij). Hauv chaw muaj kev muaj, tooj liab Machinery kuj tseem tuaj yeem paug nrog cov kua roj lossis siv cov roj av, ua kom tuab, grimy txheej.
Tshuaj Stains: Cov ntawv no thaum tooj liab qab mob nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj hauv nws ib puag ncig, tawm hauv qab cov khib nyiab, feem ntau ua rau tawv ncauj. Hauv cov chaw muaj khoom, tooj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov kua qaub (xws li sulfuric acid hauv kev ua lag luam roj teeb), uas hnov cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv xim. Piv txwv li, raug rau nitric acid tuaj yeem tawm ntsuab lossis xiav sib chwv, thaum sib cuag nrog lub tshuab ntawm tub yees) yuav ua rau daj ntseg xiav, hmoov seem. Hauv thaj chaw ntug hiav txwv, tooj liab tseem raug mob seepwater steels {}} ntsev thiab crystalline khoom uas tuaj yeem corrode yog tias tsis kho.
Ua kom huv: Qhov feem ntau pheej pheej ua tsis tiav thiab cov teeb meem yog ib txheej oxygen uas yog cov kua dawb, dej vaper, thiab carbon dioxide hauv huab cua. Tsis zoo li cov av saum npoo av lossis tshuaj stains, cov ntawv cog lus tarnish mus rau qhov chaw tooj liab, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim suatshem tawmnrog yooj yim so. Tarnish feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv theem: pib, pinkish - daim ntawv liab oxide (cu₂o) cov foos, uas yooj yim rau tshem tawm. Ntau lub lim tiam lossis hli, txheej txheej no reacts ntxiv nrog cov tuab, Oh)- patina "feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig uas muaj cov qib siab sulfur (piv txwv li, nyob ze thee nroj tsuag lossis cov cheeb tsam tsheb loj, tus tooj liab tau ua rau yaj dua li lwm cov tarnish.
Lub tshuab ntawm tooj liab oxidation
Kom xaiv aTus neeg saib xyuas tuUas tau xaus lus tarnish, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsav tooj liab oxidation. Tooj liab oxidation yog multi-}}}}}}}} Cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig zoo li cov av noo, kub thiab cov kuab paug:
THAWJ Axidation: Thaum lub taub hau huv yog nthuav tawm rau huab cua, oxygen lwg me me (O₂) hnov nrog cov hlau npoo los ua cov roj av ua kom huv (cu₂o). Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qeeb ntawm chav sov tab sis nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm, raws li dej vapor ua raws li catalyst. Kev siv tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog: 4CU + ₂ → 2cu₂o. Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov kua muag, cov hmoov liab uas muaj cov khoom siv liab qab rau cov tooj liab, ua rau nws muaj qhov yooj yim tshem tawm nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav me.
Tsim ntawm Tooj Liab Carbonate: Sijhawm dhau sijhawm, ua kom cov pa roj carbon dioxide) Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov nyuaj dua thiab tshwm sim maj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv nroog lossis thaj chaw muaj cov qib siab. Qhov sib npaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog: 2cu₂o + o + 2 ₂ + h₂o → 2Cuco Whu (Oh) ₂. Tooj liab carbonate yog ib qho nyuaj, insoluble compound uas ua kom nruj, nws kuj yog ob qho tib si pom ntawm cov hlau qub thiab cov tsis sib haum xeeb.
Sulfide tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav: Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov sulfur siab (so₂) (og Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog ua rau muaj cov dej qias neeg los tsim cov sulfuric acid (h₂so₄), uas tom qab ntawd reacts nrog tooj liab: CU + Horso₄ → Cuso₄ + H₂. Lub tooj liab sulfate (cuso₄) ces reacts nrog ntau cov kab mob sulfur los ua cov tshuaj txiav, cov tshuaj dub, muaj zog rau ntau cov neeg sawv cev tu.
Nkag siab cov txheej txheem no pab cov kws tshaj lij xaiv ibTus neeg saib xyuas tuNrog rau txoj cai tshuaj lom neeg kom tawg cov oxides lossis sulfides. Piv txwv li, acidic cov neeg sawv cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawmDissolving tooj liabCarbonate, thaum chelating cov neeg sawv cev zoo dua rau kev tshem tooj liab sulfide tsis ua rau lub hauv paus ua rau lub hauv paus.
Hom Kev Ua Haujlwm Tooj Liab Tu Tus Thawj Coj: Rooj Sib Tham Kev Lom Zem Tshwj Xeeb
Tus kwsTus neeg saib xyuas tuTsis yog ib tug - loj} {1} {}}} txhua yam nrog rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thiab cov kev txwv. Kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas yog nyob ntawm hom kev sib kis, cov khoom siv tooj liab (tooj liab vs. alloy), thiab daim ntawv thov vs. zoo nkauj). Hauv qab no yog plaub hom kev tshaj lij feem ntauTus neeg saib xyuas tu, nrog rau lawv cov kev siv thiab kev txiav txim siab.
Acidic tooj liab tu tus neeg sawv cev
Tso acidicTus neeg saib xyuas tuPuas yog cov hom feem ntau siv tau hom hauv cov chaw tshaj lij, muaj nuj nqis rau nws lub peev xwm los sai sai npov cov tarnish thiab oxide txheej. These agents work by leveraging the reactivity of acids to break down insoluble copper oxides into soluble salts, which can then be rinsed away with water. Cov tshuaj ntxuav cov acidic tau faib ua ke raws li cov kua qaub uas lawv muaj: muaj zog dua) thiab cov organic acids (me, tsis tshua muaj aciding).
Inorganic acid -} Raws li cov tshuaj ntxuav: Cov no muaj cov acid muaj zog zoo li hydrochloric acid (hcl), sulfuric acid (hso₄), lossis nitric acid (hnoos). Hydrochloric acid, rov qab nrog tooj liab oxide los ua cov chloride (cuo {{{{{ Inorganic acid tshuaj yog ua tau zoo rau hnyav {6} kev ua kom huv si type} Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob) lossis kho cov khoom siv liab qub hauv cov kav dej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub zog los nrog lub caveat: lawv tau xeb thiab tuaj yeem etch tus tooj liab sab yog tias tsis siv kom raug. For this reason, inorganic acid cleaners are often diluted with water (typically to a concentration of 5-15%) and used with corrosion inhibitors-additives that form a protective layer on the copper surface, preventing over-corrosion.
Organic Acid -} Raws li cov tshuaj ntxuav: Cov kev siv cov kua qaub zoo li citric acid, acetic acid (vinegar lub ntsiab tivthaiv), lossis oxalic acid. Citric acid, piv txwv li, rov qab nrog tooj liab carbonate los ua soluble tooj liab citrate, uas yog tsis yooj yim thiab yaug kom yaug thiab yooj yim. Organic Acid cov tshuaj ntxuav tau zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv zoo nkauj heev, cov khoom cuav, lossis keeb kwm tsis muaj peev xwm khawb lossis etch cov hlau. Lawv tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm coj, vim lawv tsis emit cov pa roj ntsha (tsis zoo li cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo) thiab tsis tshua ua rau daim tawv nqaij khaus. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev mob me me txhais tau tias lawv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tarnish hnyav -}}}}}} }မakingမaking longer်းက orမ. Applicationssss or်) Organic Acid cov tshuaj ntxuav tau feem ntau nyiam nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob lossis kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, xws li cov vaj tse tawv nqaij countertops lossis dai duab phab ntsa.
Tsis hais hom, acidicTus neeg saib xyuas tuyuav tsum tau siv tas li nrog kev ceev faj. Cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum hnav tshuaj - Cov hnab looj tes tiv hnab looj tes, goggles, thiab aprons los tiv thaiv tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag. Ib qho ntxiv, thaj chaw ntxuav yuav tsum zoo -} {{ventilated kom tsis txhob muaj pa kua qaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv inorganic acids.
Alkaline Tooj Tu Tu Tus Neeg Sawv Cev
AlkalineTus neeg saib xyuas tuFeem ntau tsim los tshem tawm cov organic paug xws li roj, roj, thiab siv quav ciab, es tsis txhob siv cov tinn hnyav. Cov sawv cev no ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm ob lub ntsiab ua ke: saponification thiab emulsification. Saponification yog cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov alkalis hnov nrog cov rog thiab roj av siv cov tshuaj ntxuav kom huv (saum npoo}
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm alkaline cov tshuaj txhuam suav nrog cov hauv paus muaj zog zoo li sodium laurothide (Na pot ass្រ ,l), thiab cov sochlium carbonate (slot) lossis nonylohlia ethoxylates (npes). Piv txwv li, sodium hydroxide reacts nrog grease (sib xyaw ntawm cov quav) los ua cov xab npum)}} {xab npum molecules + glycerol.
Alkaline cov tshuaj huv tshwj xeeb yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv pre -}}}}}}}}} tu acidic lossis chroundating. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub tooj liab yog qhov tsis huv nrog cov roj av thiab tarnish, tso cai rau cov roj sid, ua rau cov roj tarnish (ntau dua li raug thaiv los ntawm roj). Qhov no ob - theem cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb txhim kho kev txuag kev ua tau zoo. Alkaline cov tshuaj huv yog tseem tsim nyog rau tu cov roj liab alloys uas muaj cov kua qaub, xws li tooj dag (cov hlau uas muaj cov acids).
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj huv alkaline muaj kev txwv: lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov roj oxide hnyav lossis cov khoom siv tawv tawv yog tias tshuav ntev heev. Piv txwv li, ntev nthuav tawm alkalis tuaj yeem ua rau cov tooj liab polished kom poob nws cov ci lossis daim ntawv ua yeeb yaj kiab, ua yeeb yaj kiab. Txhawm rau txo cov kws tshaj lij, cov tub txawg feem ntau siv cov tshuaj ntxuav ua kom huv si (nrog rau cov neeg Alkalis) rau 12-14 rau kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm (feem ntau 5-10 feeb rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov).
Chelating Tooj Liab Tu Tus Neeg Sawv Cev
ChelatingTus neeg saib xyuas tuyog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho kom yaj cov tarnish thiab oxides yam tsis corroding lub tooj liab lub luj hlau. Tsis zoo li acidic cov tshuaj ntxuav (uas cia siab rau cov tshuaj lom neeg kom tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob khov kho)
Tus tseem ceeb xyaw rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav no yog tus neeg sawv cev chelating, ib qho molecule nrog ntau qhov chaw khi uas tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib qho hlau ion. Cov neeg sawv cev ua tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tu tooj liab nrog etylenediamine acid (edrilottriacetic acid (wuav citricotriacetic acid (wuav) Edta, piv txwv li, ua cov hexadentate complex nrog tooj liab ions (lub ntsiab lus nws khi rau cov chaw sib txawv), tsim cov pob zeb sib txawv), tuaj yeem muab tua pov tseg. Tus txheej txheem no yog maj mam rau tooj liab, raws li nws lub hom phiaj tsuas yog oxidized tooj liab ions (hauv tarnish) thiab tawm cov ntshiab tooj liab nto li.
Chelating tshuaj ntxuav muab ob peb qhov zoo tshaj cov tshuaj ntxuav kua qaub lossis cov tshuaj ntsuab, ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li lub cim hluav taws xob zoo li cov khoom tooj liab, lossis cov cim hluav taws xob; they are effective at removing hard-to-dissolve contaminants like copper sulfide; thiab lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm chav tsev kub, txo lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Many chelating cleaners also contain surfactants, which enhance their ability to remove oil and grease, making them multi-functional for mixed contamination.
Txawm li cas los xij, chelating cov tshuaj ntxuav feem ntau kim dua cov acidic lossis alkaline, ua rau lawv tsis zoo rau loj- teev cov haujlwm muaj kev ntxuav. Lawv kuj tseem xav tau lub sijhawm so haujlwm (15-30 feeb rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov) kom yaj meej tarnish, uas tuaj yeem ua kom qeeb cov txheej txheem tu. Dua li ntawm cov teeb meem no, kev xaiv chelating yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev ua kom loj me, xws li kev tiv thaiv me me tuaj yeem siv tau cov kev tiv thaiv tooj liab) lossis rov kho cov nyiaj hniav kub tshiab liab.
Hnyav - based tooj liab tu tus neeg sawv cev
Hnyav -} Raws LiTus neeg saib xyuas tuSiv cov kuab tshuaj organic thaum tsim kev ntxuav cov roj, tsim kom yaj roj, roj, siv quav, thiab lwm yam hnoos qeev. Tsis zoo li dej -}}} agic {}}}}}}} zoo li "zoo li dissolves nyiam").
Cov kuab tshuaj uas tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj tua dej (piv txwv li iophothol), kethancol), thiab hydrocarbons (piv txwv li, ntxhia pob, kerosene). Isopropyl haus cawv, piv txwv li, yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov roj uas tsis sib xws, raws li nws tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob puas tsuaj). Acetone muaj zog dua, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov paug tsis zoo xws li Epoxy Resins lossis pleev xim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Hnyav -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} clean benefits of ev ev of of of of::::: of of of of of of of of of of or of of of of or or or or or or or or or or or or or or orុ (, Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig kev pheej hmoo. Feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic yog cov nplaim taws heev, uas xav tau cov nplaim hluav taws kev nyab xeeb (piv txwv li tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob) hauv thaj chaw ntxuav. Lawv tseem yog cov tseem ua rau cov organic cov tebchaw (vocs), uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb rau cov pa phem thiab ua kom muaj pa ua pa rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Vim li no, daws {{{-}}} Cov kws tshaj lij txwv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig (piv txwv li lub ntsej muag] thaum siv.
Lwm qhov kev txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj -}}}}}}} ishing ine tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv cov av hauv av lossis cov kua oxide. Lawv yog li ntawd feem ntau siv liUa ntej - ntxuavTxhawm rau tshem tawm cov organic seem ua ntej thov cov kua qaub lossis chelating ua ntxhua khaub ncaws kom nyob hauv tuam tsev.
Kev xaiv ntawm kev tshaj lij tooj liab tu tus neeg saib xyuas: Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los xav txog
Xaiv txoj caiTus neeg saib xyuas tuyog qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tu kom huv, tooj liab, thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum hnyav ob peb yam kom ntseeg tau tus neeg sawv cev xaiv nrog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm. Hauv qab no yog plaub qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab thaum xaiv tus kws tshaj lijTus neeg saib xyuas tu.
Hom thiab qhov hnyav ntawm kev sib kis
Thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hom kev sib kis cuam tshuam rau cov tooj liab deg thiab nws qhov hnyav. Raws li tau sib tham txog kev sib txawv ua ntej, cov khoom paug poob rau peb pawg av, tshuaj stains, thiab tarnish-}}}}}}}}}}}} Thiab txhua tus yuav tsum muaj cov neeg sawv cev tu.
Dos dej (hmoov av, lub teeb roj): Rau cov hmoov av me ntxiv, ib qho yooj yim dej -} Raws li cov tshuaj ntxuav cov nrog surfactants me me yuav txaus. Rau lub teeb roj lossis roj (piv txwv li, ntiv tes ntawm cov tooj liab zoo nkauj lossis cov kuab tshuaj ntxuav tawm (zoo li yog iSopropyl cawv) yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Cov sawv cev no sai sai cov ossidues yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tooj liab.
Tshuaj lom neeg stains (acid / alkali salts, seepwater): Tshuaj lom neeg cov stains yuav tsum muaj ib tus neeg sawv cev uas tuaj yeem nruab nrab lossis yaj cov khaub teb reactive ua rau cov stain. Rau cov kua qaub - bient stains (piv txwv li cov kua roj acid Rau alkali-based stains (piv txwv li, sodium hydroxide nyob rau hauv), ib tug dilute organic acid nqus nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws (zoo li citric acid) muaj txiaj ntsig. Saltwater stains, which contain copper chloride, can be removed with a chelating cleaner, as the chelating agent binds to the chloride ions and lifts the stain.
Tarnish (Lub teeb thiab hnyav): Lub Teeb Tarnish (tsaus muag paj yeeb / xim av cupous oxide) teb rau 3-5% citric acid (organicTus neeg saib xyuas tu) lossis qis {-}}}} maintortration Edta Chalators. Rau lub maj mam tarper tshuaj yej teeb, soak hauv chav {2} citrice acid rau 10-15 feeb, tom qab ntawd so nrog microfiber daim ntaub.
Heev Tarnish (tuab tsaus carbonate / sulfide) xav tau cov neeg sawv cev muaj zog. Kev Lag Luam Khoom (Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Cov Kav Pipes Qub) Siv 5 {}}}}}} Cov khoom noj heev (cov duab puab yam siv) siv 2-3% nta chelating nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws (20-30 feeb soak) kom khaws cov ntsiab lus.
Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tooj liab
Tooj liab: Polished nthwv dej (tsom iav, cookware) siv 4% acetic acid lossis chelators kom tsis txhob dulling. Cov tooj liab tsis muaj peev xwm (daim duab kos duab) siv ph 9-10 alkaline nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws rau cov av, tom qab ntawd lub teeb kua qaub rau cov tarnish.
Tooj liab alloys: Tooj dag (tooj liab -} {citric acids lossis 2%}} sdium bicarbonate hybrid tov tshuaj. Bronze nrog dhuav chanina siv 1% edta kom tshem tawm cov oxide; Puas Chamina siv 2-3% Oxalic acid rau stripping.
Nto tas: Kws txhuam tooj liab tolates ua kom tiav abrasive pastes yav dhau los; Polished tooj tooj xav tsis xav tsis yog -}, chelators) wiped nrog lint {{dawb ntaub.
3.3 ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb
Ib puag ncig kev txiav txim siab: Cov kuab tshuaj -}}}} -} surfactant alkalis, GLDA biodegradable chelators). Nruab nruab acidic / alkaline wastewaterater rau pH 6-8 (piv txwv li, kho hydrochloric acid wasewaterater nrog sodium bicarbonate) ua ntej pov tseg.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Cov Haujlwm: Muaj zog inorganic acids yuav tsum muaj hnab looj tes nitrile, goggles, thiab acid -}} roj nqus. Organic / Chelating Clequers muaj kev nyab xeeb (tsawg- Khaws SDS Finy rau thawj qhov kev pab / cia.
Kev tu kom huv thiab tus nqi
Kev tu kom huv: Tsis muaj cov khoom siv cua sov? Siv chav - kub chelators / organic acids. Cov tsheb hlaus ultrasonic xav tau tsawg - foaming chelators; Txau cov tshuab yuav tsum muaj tsawg - viscosity alkalis (2% sodium carbonate). Kev kho ceev ceev siv nrawm {{6} ua yeeb yam inorganic acids (10 {}}} feeb feeb); Cov haujlwm tsis yog-ceev (nyiaj rov qab kho dua) Siv cov chelators maj mam siv.
Tus nqi txiav txim siab: Inorganic acids yog pheej yig tshaj rau kev siv hnyav. Chelators yog tus nqi (zam rau cov kav dej loj). Organic acids (citric acid, $ 0.50 / sq.m) tshuav nqi thiab ua hauj lwm zoo rau nruab nrab {lw} ntau txoj haujlwm.
Daim ntawv thov cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshaj lij tu tus neeg sawv cev
Ua ntej - kev kho
Qhuav Huv Si: Siv muag muag txhuam / compressed cua (20-30 psi) rau cov qauv loj; Microfiber daim ntaub rau cov chaw me me.
Tiv thaiv cov chaw tsis muaj zog: Qhwv yob hauv dej txiav ntoo; Lub tsho tiv no Gemstone inlays nrog roj av jelly.
Kev xeem sib xws: Kev ntsuas tus neeg saib xyuas rau ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj peev xwm (5 feeb) rau kev tshem tawm.
Ntxuav
Los ntawm txhais tes (me me / splate khoom): Dab tsi chelators ntawm tarnished hniav nyiaj hniav kub (8 {{}} feeb zaum); Siv 5% citric acid muab tshuaj txhuam rau cov tais liab (maj mam tsis-vas puab).
Immersion (thooj tej ntu me me): Submiger hauv diluted acid / chelator (40-50℃rau cov acids, chav nyob rau cov chelators); agitate rau 5-10 feeb (alkali ua ntej rau cov roj, tom qab ntawd cov kua qaub rau cov tarnish).
Tshuaj tsuag (loj / chaw tiaj): Txau 40-50 psi alkalis (roj) lossis 20-30 psi acids (tarnish); Tshooj Tooj Liab Ru Tsev (10-15 sq.ft) kom tiv thaiv kom qhuav seem.
Ultrasonic (qhov chaw muaj kab): Siv 20 {{{-}} 40 kHz tsis nrog cov chelators tsawg; Huv si 15-20 feeb rau Circuit Court laug cam / Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob.
Tso yaug
Pib nphe: coj dej (agitate 3-5 feeb rau kev nkag siab; 50-60 psi tshuaj tsuag 12-18 nti ntawm saum npoo).
Kev yaug qhov dej zaum kawg: Dej deionized rau precision / cov khoom hniav (2-feeb soak) kom tsis txhob muaj dej me ntsis.
Residue kuaj: Siv ph strips ({6-8=negutral); re -}} yaug yog tias acidic / alkaline.
Tshaj tawm -} kev kho
Kom qhuav: So cov khoom me me nrog nplooj ntawv -} daim ntaub pub dawb; Siv cov plaub hau tshuab ziab rau cov chaw loj; cub kom qhuav (40-50 degree) rau kev feem.
Anti -} tarnish txheej: Zaub mov {{- txaus siv quav ciab (beeswax) rau cryware; BTA txau rau cov chaw muaj khoom; Acrylic lacquer (2 Tsho tiv no, 24-teev qhuav) rau dai kom zoo nkauj.
Kho: Txhua hli siv hlau rau cov av noo - chaw tooj liab; Txhua xyoo Chelator kho rau kev siv cov kav lag luam.
Kev Ua Yuam Kev Uas Siv Hauv Kev Siv Kev Kho Mob Tooj Kho Tu Tus Neeg Sawv Cev
Siv dhau los lossis miscenrating
Yuam kev: high -}}}} ສ concentດ cov acids (20% hcl) etch tooj liab; Undiluted chelators nkim cov khoom lag luam.
Kev daws: Ua raws cov chaw muag khoom kom huv (3% rau lub teeb Tarnish, 10% rau hnyav); Siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas; Pib tsawg -}} monsectration.
Tsis saib xyuas yaug lossis ziab
Yuam kev: Ua tsis tiav rinsing nplooj alkali residue (dawb sodium carbonate); Rushed kom qhuav ua rau cov me ntsis / oxidation.
Kev daws: Yaug ob zaug (coj mus rhaub + deionized rau cov khoom tseem ceeb); paub meej tias sau nruab nrab; So kom qhuav tam sim ntawd, siv qis - av noo chaw / ncu.
Tsis quav ntsej Alloy Compatibility
Yuam kev: Ntshuam tooj liab ntxuav alloys (piv txwv li, hcl dissolves dinow zinc, ua kom tsis txhob muaj tus tooj liab).
Kev daws: Match Tus Neeg Sawv Cev rau Alloy -} tooj dag siv cov chelators me; Bronze siv cov hom phiaj tshuaj edta / oxalic acid. Ntsuam xyuas ntawm alloy scraps ua ntej.