Hauv kev ntsuas ntawm Chemistry, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov tebchaw feem ntau hinges ntawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ib lo lus nug uas tshwm sim yog tias txawm hais tias dihydrogen phosphate yog ntsev. Txhawm rau hais txog qhov no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom delve rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ihydrogenphosphate.
Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim: ntsev thiab Acidic Salts
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Salts
Hauv Chemistry, cov ntsev yog kev lig kev cai txhais tau tias yog tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke nrog ions ions tuav ua ke los ntawm ionic bonds. Nws yog tsim thaum muaj kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus yauv tau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab. Tus qauv siv dav dav rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm ib qho acid ha thiab lub hauv paus boh → ba + h₂o, qhov twg ba sawv cev ntsev. Cov ntsev ua ke feem ntau muaj cov neeg txhua lub sijhawm (Pejnitively khav txiv neej) thiab acions (tsis zoo them tus nqi). Cov cations feem ntau yog muab tau los ntawm cov kav hlau, xws li cov hlau ions lossis ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), thaum lub itions tau muab los ntawm acids.
Acidic Salts
Acidic salts yog ib hom ntsev tshwj xeeb. Lawv tsim los thaum cov acid polyprotic tsuas yog qee qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov Acid Polypotic yog cov kua qaub uas tuaj yeem pub ntau tshaj ib tus proton (h⁺) ib molecule. Thaum lub sijhawm nruab nrab ib nrab, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm cov acidic protons hauv polyproator acid tau hloov los ntawm cov hlau lossis ammonium ions. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, acidic salts muaj ob lub cation los ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ib tug tsis zoo them ion uas tseem muaj cov protons acidic muaj peev xwm pub dawb. Piv txwv li, thaum sulfuric acid (hatso₄), cov diprotic acid, reacts nrog tsawg npaum li cas ntawm sodium hydrorogen sulfate (Naho₄) yog tsim. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ob tus protons hauv cov sulfuric acid tau hloov los ntawm cov sulium ion, tawm ntawm hydrogen sulfate ion (hso₄⁻) nrog cov proton seem uas tuaj yeem pub rau, muab covkev ntsev kua qaubcov khoom.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm ibyrogen phosphate
Cov mis nyuj thiab ionic
Dihydrogen phosphate yog ib ion nrog cov mis nyuj h₂pozed. Nws yog muab tau los ntawm phosphoric acid (h aspotic acid, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem pub peb cov proton. Thaum phosphoric acid undergoes ib nrab sib cais lossis ib nrab nruab nrab, sib txawv lus phosphate ions tuaj yeem tsim tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dihydrogen phosphate (h ₂po₄⁻), ib tug proton tau ploj los ntawm phosphoric acid, tawm ntawm ob tug protons thiaj txuas nrog pab pawg phosphate.
Txhawm rau tsim cov dihydrogen phosphate ntsev, lub Honspo₄⁻ ion yuav tsum ua ke nrog cation. Cov khoom noj khoom haus uas ua rau cov khoom siv ntsev ua piv txwv li cov khoom siv hlau xws li sodium (K⁺), calcium (cay), thiab ammonium ions (nh11). Piv txwv li, sodium dihyrogen phosphate muaj cov mis nyuj Nahsonpium, suav nrog Na⁺ cations thiab hipo₄⁻. Zoo sib xws, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate yog (nh₄) h (₂₄, muaj nh₄⁺ cations thiab h₂po₄⁻.
Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem
Tus qauv ntawm Dihydrogen phosphate ion yog raws li cov pab pawg phosphate (pooth³⁻), uas muaj phosphorus atom ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm rau plaub oxygen atoms. Nyob rau hauv lub hiespo₄⁻ ion, ob ntawm cov pa oxygen puas tau sib raug zoo rau hydrogen atoms, sib sau Huag Auj pab pawg. Cov pab pawg no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom acidic ntawm ion ion, raws li cov pawg ntawm cov protons hauv aqueouslus teb.
Puas yog dib dev phosphate ntsev?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws distinter: ion vs ntsev
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom qhia meej ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm kev kub ntxhov: dihydrogen phosphate (h ion) nws tus kheej yog ion, tsis yog ntsev. Cov ntsev yog qhov sib txuas ua ke ntawm ob lub tebchaws thiab Anyions. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua ionshydrogen phosphate ions sib txuas nrog cations, qhov tshwm sim sib txawv yog cov ntsev zoo. Cov salts no tau cais raws li cov ntsev acidic vim tias cov anion sion tseem muaj cov protons acidons uas tuaj yeem pub dawb.
Piv txwv, xav txog sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Nahsonpo₄). Cov kab ke no muaj Na⁺ cations thiab hipo₄⁻, tuav ua ke los ntawm ionic Bonds. Nws yog tsim thaum phosphoric acid (h idpo₄ acid (horspium hydroxide (NAOH) + Naoh + Naoh → Nahahpo₄ + H₂o. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, tsuas yog ib ntawm peb tus protons hauv phosphoric acid yog neutralized los ntawm sodium hydroxide, tawm hauv ob tug protons hauv lub hiespo₄⁻ ion. Txij li lub compound muaj ob qho tib si cation (NACH) thiab ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus, sokyrogen phosphate yog kom meej meej cov ntsev.
Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm hohydrogen phosphate ntsev
Dihydrogen phosphate ntsev ua yeeb yam cov yam ntxwv ntawm acidic ntsev. Nyob rau hauv cov kua aqueous, lub hipo₄⁻ ion tuaj yeem ua raws li ob qho tib si acid thiab lub hauv paus, nyob ntawm seb cov ph ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no yog vim tias nws tuaj yeem muab cov proton (ua yeeb yam li cov kua qaub) los tsim cov tshuaj zoo nkauj phosphate ion (hydrooth) los yog ua kom haum rau cov kua txiv phosphoric acid (h ₃po₄). Qhov kev ua si amphoteric yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau cov ntsev acidic muab tau los ntawm polyphotic acids.
Piv txwv li, hauv kev daws ntawm sodium dihydrogen phosphate, cov hauv qab no muaj nyob:
HISPOUN ⇌ H⁺ + HPOO (ua yeeb yam li cov kua qaub)
+ + H ⇌ ⇌o₄ (ua yeeb yam zoo li lub hauv paus)
Cov phostrogen phosphate ntsev yog nyob ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm cov kua qaub thiab hauv paus cais tawm ntawm HIODO₄⁻. Rau phosphoric acid, thawj qhov kev sib cais no tsis tu ncua (KA₁) rau kev tsim ntawm HIPOO Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv kev daws teeb meem, lub hipo₄⁻ ion muaj ntau dua yuav tau txais ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm ntau cov ntsev ua kua qaub me ntsis acidic.
Hom Dihydogen Phosphate Salts thiab lawv cov ntawv thov
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Nahelpo₄)
Sodium Dihydrogen phosphate yog cov khoom dawb, crystalline uas yog soluble heev hauv dej. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj ua ib qho emulsifier, buffering tus neeg sawv cev. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tshuaj laws thiab raws li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Nws tseem muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev kho dej thiab ua tus reagent hauv cov tshuaj soj nau tshuaj lom neeg.
Poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate (Khelpo₄)
Poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate yog lwm qhov dav siv dihydrogen phosphate ntsev. Nws yog qhov chaw ntawm ob lub potassium thiab phosphorus, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov chiv, tshwj xeeb hauv cov nroj tsuag hydroponic thiab rau cog ntoo hauv cov tsev ntsuab. Nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj ua ke ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam thiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov xab npum thiab tshuaj ntxuav kom huv.
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ((nh₄) h ₂po₄)
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate yog ib qho tseem ceeb chiv, muab ob qho tib si nitrogen thiab phosphorus rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog lwm cov chiv kom tau raws li kev xav tau khoom noj ntawm cov qoob loo. Nws kuj yog siv rau ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws, zoo li cov nplaim taws retardant, thiab hauv kev lag luam textile uas yog tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav.
Tag
Hauv kev xaus, lub sij hawm "dihydrogen phosphate" tuaj yeem hais txog lub hiespofe ion, uas tsis yog ntsev tab sis ib qho anion. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub ons ua ke nrog cov cations xws li na, k⁺, ce, lossis nh₄⁺, cov ntsev uas ua tau zoo yog ntsev. Cov salts no tau faib ua cov ntsev acidic vim tias cov anion ing ution acidic protons uas tuaj yeem pub rau hauv kev daws teeb meem. Dihydrogen phosphate qab ntsev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ntsev, suav nrog ionic tsev neeg, solubility hauv dej, thiab muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob thaum yaj lossis yaj. Lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tsim khoom, ua rau lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuaj thiab cov ntsiab lus siv.
Nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Dihydrogen phosphate ion thiab dihydrogen phosphate ntsev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev raug mob tshuaj thiab kev sib txuas lus. Thaum lub ion nws tus kheej tsis yog ntsev, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib sau cov ntsev nrog cations yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws tus cwj pwm tshuaj thiab cov ntawv thov. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsev thiab acidic ntsev hais lus, nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov tebchaw ua kom ruaj khov rau hauv cov ntsev rau hauv Chemistry.